Scientists Create Broad-Spectrum Antivenom Using Human Antibodies
In a major step forward for treating snakebites, scientists have developed a powerful new antivenom that shows protection against multiple deadly snake species — including the black mamba, king cobra, and tiger snake.
Published in the journal Cell , this study introduces what could become a universal treatment for envenomation. Unlike traditional antivenoms made from animal antibodies (like those from horses or sheep), this next-generation formula uses antibodies from a human donor who had built up extreme immunity to snake venom over many years.
The donor, Tim Friede , voluntarily exposed himself to increasing doses of venom from 16 different deadly snake species over nearly two decades. As a result, his body produced unique antibodies capable of neutralizing multiple neurotoxins at once.
Using these antibodies, researchers created a three-part cocktail:
- Two highly effective antibodies isolated from Friede’s blood.
- One small molecule inhibitor called varespladib , known to block toxins.
When tested on mice injected with lethal doses of venom, this combination offered full protection against 13 out of 19 elapid snake venoms tested — and partial protection against the rest. This is the most broadly effective antivenom ever developed.
Why This Matters
Snakebites are a major global health problem, especially in rural areas of developing countries. Current antivenoms are limited — they usually target only one or a few specific snakes, can cause allergic reactions, and are expensive to produce.
This new approach could lead to safer, more affordable, and widely applicable treatments. Researchers now plan to test the antivenom in real-world conditions, starting with dogs in Australian veterinary clinics bitten by snakes.
Looking ahead, the team aims to develop similar broad-spectrum treatments for viper bites , which include rattlesnakes, vipers, and adders. Their ultimate goal? A single universal antivenom that protects against nearly all medically important snake venoms worldwide.
🔍 Key Highlights:
- New antivenom uses human antibodies from a hyper-immune donor.
- Works against multiple dangerous snake species , including cobras and mambas.
- Cocktail includes two antibodies + one small molecule inhibitor .
- Shows promising results in mice , paving the way for clinical use.
- Could become a universal solution for snakebite treatment in the future.